History Textbooks Do Not Tell the Truth About Slavery :: United States History Essays

For what reason Do History Textbooks Hesitate to Tell the Truth About Slavery? Works Cited Missing [1] In the film Sankofa, Haile Gerima doesn't spare a moment to show the crowd the detestations of servitude. In addition to the fact that he shows the severe and mortifying practices utilized by slaveholders to enslave slaves yet he additionally shows how slaveholders utilized Christianity to control and control slaves. He exhibits the gigantic effect of servitude on today’s society and the significance of thinking back to subjection to comprehend the present. Customarily, history course books have dithered to discuss any of these parts of subjection. Present history books have started to portray the brutalities of bondage yet at the same time will not disclose slavery’s sway or to make reference to Christianity’s job in servitude. There are three primary purposes behind this aversion to be honest pretty much all parts of subjection when composing history course books. These are enthusiasm for the United States, social inclination towards the white race, and a p redisposition towards Christianity. Patriotism/Patriotism [2] When researchers and antiquarians compose history books, they are generally constrained by their feeling of patriotism or energy. They dither (or maintain a strategic distance from out and out) to expound on occasions or establishments that make the United States look awful. As James Loewen calls attention to, history course readings ...leave out whatever may reflect seriously [on] our national character (2). Most residents of the United States are pleased with the United States, its history, and its current job in the world’s issues. They would prefer not to compose or find out about wrongs and shameful acts that the United States government or state governments have permitted or even supported. Eric Foner, teacher of history at Columbia University, referenced in a show called Who Owns History, that the establishing fathers considered subjugation when composing the constitution and that the constitution fortified the organization of bondage, by giving slaveholders more fo rce. The vast majority have never known about this in light of the fact that the constitution was constantly proclaimed as a mind blowing bit of composing that made a reasonable and adjusted government. Students of history abstained from referencing that the constitution fortified subjection since that would pollute the heritage of the constitution and the United States in general. History that we learn in school isn't a fair portrayal of realities; it is formed and deciphered by the antiquarians who expound on it. Antiquarians are continually impacted by national pride and the craving to make our country look great.

Dead Souls essays

Dead Souls articles Dead Souls by Nickolai Gogol, was discharged March 25, 1997. This epic was first distributed in 1842. Dead Souls is numerous things. In addition to the fact that it is an anecdotal novel of Russian life an epic, a progression of charachter depictions of the different great and awful individuals from Russian culture. The principle characters in this novel incorporate Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov, an excused government worker and the hero of the novel,Nozdrev the player, tipsy and enthusiastic liar, the excessively tender Manolive, and the tightfisted and distrustful Plewskin. Dead Souls happens in Russia in the late 1800s, where, dissimilar to in America, one must be naturally introduced to a prosperous family so as to have openings. The primary character, Chichikov, is sufficiently smart to build up a plan in which he can ascend from being a unimportant agent to a regarded landowner. So as to do this, Chichikov moves into wrongdoing. In the finish of Dead Souls, Chichikov is betrayed by the individuals he works with, and doesn't pull off his astute arrangement. Nickolai Gogol successfully uses the parts of his work. This epic incorporates a progression of character depictions of the different great and awful individuals from the Russian culture. Gogol handles his subjects with mind and diversion. His composing sprinkles the account with social reflection and musings on human instinct, never exhausting or bombastic, yet consistently clever and sarcastic. Truth be told, Gogol's incongruity, and negativity are presumably the most important resources of this specific novel. Nickolai Gogol sparkles in humorous characters. Every landholder Chichikov visits is a scaled down perfect work of art of erraticisms reflecting parts of Russian character. The dubious elderly person, the ridiculously obstinate bargainer, and the feign calling boozer. Chichikov shrewdly adjusts to each, concincing different kinds to sell him dead serfs. Those acquainted with Gogol's short work will as of now relish his sharp mind. He utilizes the plot of the novel to paint a n elating p... <!

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Marketing Pl Marketing Vision And Goals - 1533 Words

Develop a marketing plan Assessment 1 Marketing vision and goals Marketing needs, trends, description and segmentation Core marketing and product/services strategy Sales Strategy, advertising and promotions including any strategic alliances Relation of these strategies with overall strategies SWOT Analysis Objectives for improving SWOT analysis Legal and ethical requirements and considerations Scheduling, costing and accountabilities Coordination and monitoring procedures Marketing plan Possible expansion of franchises in market Risk analysis of the marketing plan Marketing vision and goals The Grand Diner is a spot for family fellowship sorted out around a typical adoration for the customary American burger joint and the†¦show more content†¦Individuals who work in the downtown range amid the day, who will search for stroll in great nourishment and accommodation for late breakfast and lunch. 2. Encompassing organizations searching for telephone in lunch for conferences. 3. Specialists with families searching for take-out sustenance to bring home for family supper toward the end of the workday. Each of these business sector fragments comprises of individuals who either work in the downtown territory or course through this zone amid the ordinary work week. Accordingly, there will be an undetermined rate of every business sector that will look for an eating foundation that will meet the prerequisites of sound sustenance, quick administration, and charming air. For the business market we have to concentrate on particular organizations with particular open doors. For people we have to lever off verbal suggestions, presumably relying upon business clients. The business market has the capability of giving huge volume deals to the organization amid the crest hours of 11 a.m. to 2 p.m., both through little gatherings of businessmen going by NWD and conveyance orders. Fulfilment of this gathering will give a fundamental

Katniss And Rue Friendship Analysis - 1203 Words

Katniss and Rue: Friendship Analysis Suzanne Collins’ character, Katniss Everdeen of The Hunger Games, is a determined young woman who knows that life is not as easy and happy as the Capitol would like everyone to believe. This is partly why she is so untrusting of everyone’s motives; she does not truly believe anyone could be interested in her just for her, they always have ulterior motives in her mind. The one thing she does know how to do however is to protect. She has been protecting her family since her father died and while in the Hunger Games arena she finds herself wanting to protect Rue, a young girl who reminds her so much of her younger sister. Katniss and Rue only know one another for the short time during the Games, but in that time they build a friendship; the question however is: What kind of friendship do they have? Would they have been friends if they knew each other outside of the Games? If they both managed to survive the Games would they continue to be friends? Although these questions can only be speculated through analysis of their interactions the responses could give further insights on their characters. Familiarity is what brought Katniss to notice Rue, a familiarity that ultimately fueled her need to protect and befriend her. From the time Katniss saw Rue’s reaping on the train ride to the Capitol she sees her as â€Å"†¦very like Prim in size and demeanor.† (Collins 45). She also notes that Rue has no one willing to volunteer in her place as she didShow MoreRelatedExploring Young People s Literacy Practices Across Corporate And User Produced Platforms6165 Words   |  25 Pagesengagement, affiliation, and immersion afforded by transmedia ecologies. Further research must be attuned to the power relations always present in media ecologies and to consider what critical media literacy might look like in networked ecologies. Analysis/Discussion/Example Section Corporate Sponsorship of Literacy The Hunger Games provides a robust example for thinking critically about the kinds of literacy practices that a media ecology affords. The franchise began as a trilogy of books that quickly

A Beneficial Change That Has Been Proposed For The Welfare

A beneficial change that has been proposed for the Welfare program is a time limit on how long people are allowed to be on welfare. When putting a time limit into place, new job programs will emerge in order to help find the individuals a place of employment (Molander). Job programs would provide training and assistance in helping the individual find employment. These â€Å"job programs† would be instated for the purpose of helping those people on welfare get off as soon as possible (Molander). In turn this would back up the time limit, because the job program would be created in a way in which encouragement to find a job would be fully incorporated (Ybarra). â€Å"Activation programs† would be the official term and they will help the unemployable†¦show more content†¦The time limit on welfare would not affect the already employed single mothers as much as it would the unemployed mothers. It was found that in certain cases single mothers who were unemployed we re without a job not out of personal desire to continue on governmental assistance, they just could not find a reliable job that provided them with their necessary needs in relation to the responsibilities they had with their children. A solution to the single mothers on welfare factor would be that certain applicants under critical circumstances can file for an extension in welfare, if they meet set requirements. Welfare Fraud Welfare is not intended to be a way for citizens to have a way out of having to look for employment, but for many that is what it has become. An estimated 21.3% of all Americans were on some sort of Welfare program each month in 2012 (Bureau). Fraud is a commonly found problem within the welfare system, and it can come in many forms. The eligibility of welfare applicants are reviewed annually, but this allows for errors to occur in the manner of which the applicant could be eligible for a half a year, but they still receive assistance for the rest of the year when they no longer need it (Ribali). The annual check for eligibility accounts for the fair amountShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Child Care Programs?914 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The US department of health and human services has indicated a commitment to â€Å"reduce the dependency of needy families through the promotion of job preparation, work and marriage† and to â€Å"provide assistance to needy families so that children can be cared for in their own homes† (Office of Family Assistance, 2017). With changes in family dynamics and the shifting economy it is increasingly less plausible for single-earner households to achieve economic stability (Stevens, 2017). ParentsRead More Analysis of Johnsons The Great Society Essay679 Words   |  3 Pagesand its citizens. It is a continuation and expansion of the ideas expressed in Roosevelts New Deal with the intentions of not only providing greater welfare but also equality of all races in all aspects of society. Although there were many accomplishments by the program, it is a direct violation of the constitution and should have never been allowed. The Constitution was designed to outline the scope of governmental authority and establish the basic arrangement and powers of the Federal governmentRead MoreThe Main Disagreements Between the Conservative, Labour and Liberal Democrat Parties825 Words   |  4 PagesDemocrats, are all based on greatly differing ideologies which can often lead to them having varying viewpoints on key issues. These differences can often lead to conflicts or disagreements between the parties over which policy will be most beneficial to the country. A particularly controversial and fiercely contested issue is the role of the United Kingdom in the future of the European Union. The Labour party are often considered to be pro-Europe although their policies do Read MoreShould Welfare Be Reformed?1676 Words   |  7 PagesWelfare, enacted by one of the greatest presidents of the United States’s existence, Mr. Franklin D. Roosevelt, is an effective and useful means to assist American families in need. Throughout history, welfare has proven to help people get back on their feet and into society. Despite the system’s many useful benefits, like most attributes in this world, welfare has kinks in the system. In fact, welfare has yet to be perfected, even though it was established in the year of 1935 and is still in useRead MoreEducation Policies And The Greens1690 Words   |  7 Pages Social wellbeing is contingent upon equitable social policy addressing all varieties of demographics and needs. One highly contested social policy issue in Aotearoa is that of tertiary education. 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You must do yourRead MoreBarack Obama s Current Tax Code1728 Words   |  7 Pages With the presidential elections coming up, different tax policies are being debated between the candidates. Whether it is proposed by a Democratic or a Republican presidential candidate, there have been many possible solutions presented on how to reform the current tax code. Focusing specifically on four candidates, two from the Democratic Party, and two from the Republican Party, I will compare and contrast their respective tax proposals. Whil e the Democratic candidates generally agree with PresidentRead MoreWelfare Policy During The Great Depression1439 Words   |  6 PagesWelfare Policy has helped an abundance of people in America. Sometimes, unforeseen events occur and assistance is needed. Because of these troubling circumstances, the need for institution and development of welfare programs came about. The American Welfare Policy has good intent; it has helped millions of people through its time. Although, there are many that believe our Welfare Policy is in great need of reform and the abuse of the system must come to an end. Welfare policy made its formal debutRead MoreEducational Budget Cuts: Denying Students the Opportunity for Potential1599 Words   |  7 Pageseducation of the younger generations. Only time can tell whether adolescents, currently being educated, can maintain the high level of learning with the barriers they are going to encounter with the proposed budget. For a positive future in Pennsylvania, the youth must be educated intelligently and properly. Proposed Pennsylvania state educational budget cuts will deny students the opportunity to develop their fullest potential creatively, academically, and socially. 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Facebook Employees Love Mark Zuckerberg

Question: Describe about the Report for Facebook Employees Love Mark Zuckerberg. Answer: Introduction The year 2004 marked a revolution in the social networking site , led to the emergence of the most talked about and preferred social site named Facebook. It was found by Mark Zuckerberg along with his students and Harvard college friends. Firstly it launched the site amongst its university and later expanded to within various other colleges in Boston. In America , the university students are given a directory named face book and hence the name (www.bloomberg.com, 2016). After 2 years of its launch within a closed group, the site was made officially available to people across the globe. The users created there own users profile and added other users as their friends. This enabled connecting friends worldwide , exchange messages, photos videos, and many more important news also. The concept of Facebook soon led to te creation of various pages which helped in the promotion of business houses. However its existence became more prominent from the year 2009 and by the mid of the year 2010 it had more than 500 million users(Kux, 2015. The site has now not only become a common platform for friends to be in touch but also a platform for sharing news, advertising, conducting online business more successfully as well as connecting families across the globe. Non Electronic Communication Methods And Strategies Non-electronic communication means communicating in the form of letters, reports, verbally, with the staff members etc. Thus communication without the usage of media is what comprises of non electronic communication. Though this form of communication is not very popular in todays time yet there are certain circumstances when this form cannot be ignored in total. The CEO has removed barriers between the employees and the mangers as his entire office has glass walls including his own cabin which enables direct engagement of Mark Zuckerberg with his staff members face to face. He feels for employees to relax it is very important for them to work away from their desks also The CEO directly engages with its employees into a verbal communication which is a very important factor (Taylor, 2016). Facebook engages its customers and the suppliers by entering into contracts with them non electronically. Everything cannot be saved that is online for lifelong. Further for ensuring the validity of an agreement in the court of law non-electronic communication holds good. Thus Facebook cannot let go of the letters, reports as well as agreements electronically as the same is still not acceptable by many courts across the globe. With regards the public as a whole the company does not engage directly into any contract with the public. As its public database is huge and scattered there is a defined terms and conditions agreement which flashes when a new user registers with Facebook via its social networking site and agreeing to those terms is enough to be construed as a valid contract in the eyes of law also. Thus when it comes to using the method of communication with the public, it can only use electronic method due its easy reach where ever. But for entering into confidential contract s with employees, customers and suppliers the company uses the non electronic method of communications only (Zuckerberg, 2014). Electronic Media And Communication Strategies The company was formed to connect people from diverse regions and demography. Facebook was earlier developed for easy communication amongst a closed group of students in the Harvard University and soon became public within a short span of time. Facebook uses various communication strategies to reach people via its websites such as facebook.com, social media such as watsapp and other electronic platforms. It has provided such a platform that companies across the globe can easily communicate with each other instantly without much of time and money and thus has enabled organizations to make more profits by building new avenues every hour (lampe et.al. 2013). There are a number of electronic media and communication strategy used by Facebook which is enumerated as under: Facebook: It is a communication strategy formed by the company to enable people to connect. It is a mobile application as well as a full website easily accessible through a desktop or a laptop. It is a social networking site which connects people from various part of the planet. It is an easy way to know what is going on in the lives of the other person who may be your friends, office colleagues, employees , acquaintances etc. The website enables to share photos, videos, to let people know about what they are doing, many advertisements are posted, important news are posted which makes people aware of the happenings worldwide just by a click on the said app. It also enables people to form groups on Facebook and conduct online business. The website gives space to comment on the photos and the videos posted and thus share views, liking a particular page on the application keeps one updated with what is new in that section (Faustino, 2014). Watsapp: It is a messenger which enables free communication amongst people who have internet connection in their mobile. It is an application that can only be used in the mobile phone. It is a form of messenger which enables easy and fast communication and is replacing the normal messaging trend at a very faster pace. It enables to connect people personally and is not a public platform. This messenger also enables to create groups and broadcasts thus ensuring personal communication at a go (Journalists Resource, 2013). Oculus: It is a virtual reality technology. Facebook aims at increasing its reach nd provide its users a more entertaining environment. On a test being conducted of the same people say it is an experience which makes impossible possible. One of its kind is the Oculus Rift Headset which once put on takes the person into a different world altogether. It makes one feel that he or she is with some other people and ata different place. Messenger: It is similar to but not as user friendly as watsapp. It enables users who are on facebook to chat also via this application. Thus those who are a part of facebook can only use messenger as a form of communication. Unlike the site this is a personalized way to communicate (Krivak, 2008). Swot Analysis Of Communication Methods And Practices A SWOT Analysis enables one to understand the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and the threats that a company faces thus enabling it to identify its pros and cons. This analysis helps the top management to plan accordingly. On conducting a SWOT analysis of Facebooks overall communication methods and practices the following is results are extracted: STRENGTHS: The company has reported the highest profit against its rivals Twitter and Linkedin. The advertisements that flash on various apps of the company is very limited. It prefers to provide quality advertisements on its websites and social networking sites. This is one of the biggest strengths as the message which the advertisers want to communicate is well served as only limited ones are published. Thus its method of communicating and helping the businesses is very stringent and pro quality. Also its communicating methods and practices are being improved continuously and its new video delivery platform is all set to even challenge and pose a threat to one of the biggest platform of video communication i.e. YouTube (Ifergane, 2010). WEAKNESSES: The biggest weakness noticed in the communication method and practice that Facebook offers is how much of these advertisements are converted into purchases thus enabling gains in value terms. The company although only displays ads which are of good quality even then the conversion rate is seen higher in the ads displayed by Google. Also the company has been investing in ecosystems more which has also effected its profits majorly (Jureicius, 2013). OPPORTUNITIES: The biggest opportunity that the company has is its extension to the eco system which is way above its own News Feed, since news feeds do not provide information in the chronological order. China has banned the usage of Facebook and Instagram but Watsapp is permissible which ups a huge opportunity for the company to explore the population of China as well. Apart from that Facebooks acquisition of Instagram in the year 2012 could help to contribute upto 12 percent of the companys 2015 revenue figures. This opportunity can be explored if it is properly monetized with advertisements so as to make it more popular amongst the users (Blog.cayenneapps.com, 2015). Peer to peer payments is another development that the company is looking at via its messenger app which is an additional platform for generating revenues through the sponsoring accounts and integration with various other sites. Another area of communication method which poses a big opportunity for the company is its Facebook at Work which allows the business houses to create their closed social network and thus enable faster as well as more secured communication. The Oculus Rift Headset is also a long awaited method of communication which will help to push the revenues further up (Tahir, 2015). THREATS: Though the company has adequate strengths and long term prospects which will help to boost its revenues and pose a good platform for communication yet it has some threats which is required to be fought with. The biggest threat is that of privacy. How much of the communication methods and practices that the company offers via its electronic mode is secure and enough to maintain confidentiality in a business environment. Using facebook, instagram, watsapp as a method to connect socially still does not require much of confidentiality but when it comes to work the same needs to be addressed to make it more popular and increase its usage amongst the big business houses. Breach of data, passwords and personal identification of the facebook account holders can be a possible threat as this may lead to increase in terrorism, kidnapping and other unsocial activities (Sun, 2015). Another major threat to the communication methods which would effect the bottom line of the company is the Adblock facility which the company offers. Thus it can be derived from the above that although there are certain threats and weaknesses amongst its communication methods and practices that the company offers yet its strengths and the possible opportunities in place helps it to post good bottom line figures o a year on year basis. Competition Facebooks two main competitors are Google Inc. And Twitter Inc. Google is the biggest platform for the public to search data on any topic they desire for. Thus it helps communication on a wider platform. Facebook communicates by linking people across the world but communication is required and important data about various topics at length is what it still fails to deliver (Roesler, 2016). This is where Google has a monopoly. It although displays a hoard of advertisements and when it comes to quality per se Facebook display and communicates better quality ads yet its conversion rate is much more than Facebook. The penetration of Google into the business houses is much deeper in the form of the Gmail and Android and is more secured as compared to Facebooks method of communication offered .Further Googles YouTube offers videos which are more visited by the users than Facebooks video platform (Investopedia, 2014). Even if the two companies main businesses are different , one being a sear ch engine and the other being a social networking site yet the communication methods and practices used by both makes them competitors (www.adweek.com, 2014). Biggest way of communication is via video ads which is more famous in Facebook than in Google but the conversion rate of ads is more in Google. However its mailing platform makes it the most preferred one even today. Facebook has to reach the business houses cutting across this competitor (Nagarkar, 2015) . Second is Twitter. Inc. It is also a social networking site similar to Facebook but is yet to reach the world at large. It enables users to write and read short messages only. Those having an account in Twitter can post as well as read messages whereas those who are not registered can only read the messages (Robinson, 2015). It is a more effective to send messages publicly however the same can be restricted to be viewed only to its followers. Twitter poses the threat of fastest way of communication in lieu of the longer conversation strings that Facebook offers. While Twitter offers communication with strangers also Thus these communication features and methods enable Twitter to stand as a competitor to Facebook (Chang, 2013). Suggestion And Recommendation On Improving Facebooks Communication Strategies Even though Facebook has been buying off its competitors such as Instagram and Watsapp, the company still has some other major players in the market which offer such communication and e communication strategies. These companies deter Facebook from grabbing the maximum share in the market and create its own monopoly. The company has improve its communication strategies within the organization by creating some distance between the executives and the employees along with maintaining a transparent relationship and communication string. Its e communication methods such as the social networking sites and the websites needs further improvements. Facebook should be made a little private which should allow the users to enable viewing of their profiles and posts to only the selected group of people. A policy should be formed to disallow communication of unsocial and undesirable data on the social networking site of the company. It allows anybody to create a page on its site which should be app roved first by the company before being uploaded. This make the content of the communication more desirable and acceptable to the public (Sikka, 2014). Conclusion Thus on a concluding note I would like to summarize the report by simply highlighting the fact that Facebook Inc. has revolutionized the communication and e-communication strategies worldwide. It spread like a pest and today has become a vital part of most of our lives. The companys communication strategies are limited for within the organization but the e communication strategies that it offers is wide spread and highly recognized by all. It poses a great threat to Google and Twitter however it still needs improvements in various other domains of communication. The company has still not been able to provide a single umbrella to its users. It has basically contributed towards connecting people and helping them join hands across countries. It has made personal communication more easy and enabled people to break the inter-continental barriers. It has made people connect without much expense and also is now trying to stand as a competitor to major telecom companies also by introduction of the Watsapp calling feature. The most required area of concentration that the company fails to assess is to launch a search engine. Thus although its just been 10 years of the companys existence it has created its brand value very rapidly and aims to soar higher with the various opportunities it wishes to explore in the near future. References Kux, S., 2015, 10 Reasons Why 99% of Facebook Employees Love Mark Zuckerberg, viewed on 25th May 2016, https://www.lifehack.org/articles/work/10-reasons-why-99-facebook-employees-love-mark-zuckerberg.html Taylor, H., 2016, Why Facebook is going all in on chatbots, viewed on 25th May 2016, https://www.cnbc.com/2016/04/13/why-facebook-is-going-all-in-on-chatbots.html Zuckerberg, M., 2014, Facebook, viewed on 25th May 2016, https://www.facebook.com/zuck/posts/10101319050523971 Sun, L., 2015, SWOT Analysis of Facebook Inc. viewed on 25th May 2016, https://www.fool.com/investing/general/2015/05/08/swot-analysis-of-facebook-inc.aspx Krivak, T., 2008, Facebook 101: Ten things You need to know About Facebook, viewed on 25th May 2016, https://www.infotoday.com/IT/mar08/Krivak.shtml Journalists Resource, 2013, Social media in the workplace : Research Roundup, viewed on 25th May 2016, https://journalistsresource.org/studies/society/social-media/social-media-workplace-research-roundup Investopedia, 2014, Who are Facebooks main competitors?, viewed on 25th May 2016, https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/120314/who-are-facebooks-fb-main-competitors.asp Chang, A., 2013, Facebook and Twitters Growing Competitors, viewed on 25th May 2016, https://www.cnbc.com/2013/10/02/facebook-and-twitters-growing-competitors.html Robinson, P., 2015, Facebook vs Twitter: Social Media Strategy, viewed on 25th May 2016, https://www.meltwater.com/blog/facebook-vs-twitter-social-media-strategy-differences/ Nagarkar, V., 2015, Google Vs Facebook : Competition Heats up in Online Video Advertising, viewed on 25th May 2016, https://amigobulls.com/articles/google-vs-facebook-competition-heats-up-in-online-video-advertising Roesler, P., 2016, 3 Things to Expect From the Google Versus Facebook Battle in 2016, viewed on 25th May 2016, https://www.inc.com/peter-roesler/google-vs-facebook-3-things-to-expect-in-2016.html www.adweek.com, 2014, Comparing the Deep Linking Strategies of Google, Apple and Facebook , viewed on 25th May 2016, https://www.adweek.com/socialtimes/james-turner-urx-deep-linking-google-apple-facebook/436671 Tahir, N.M., 2015, Facebook SWOT Analysis, viewed on 25th May 2016, https://www.academia.edu/7370176/FACEBOOK_SWOT_ANALYSIS Ifergane, A.B., 2010, Exploring the Facebook growth Strategy and the future of Facebook, viewed on 25th May 2016, https://www.academia.edu/8219924/Exploring_the_Facebook_growth_strategy_and_the_future_of_Facebook Faustino, T., 2014, 5 Objectives Mark Zuckerberg Tracks for Facebooks Domination, viewed on 25th May 2016, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140817211054-31240456-5-objectives-mark-zuckerberg-tracks-for-facebook-s-domination Sikka, P., 2014, Why investors punished facebooks stock despite strong growth, viewed on 25th May 2016, https://marketrealist.com/2014/11/investors-punished-facebooks-stock-despite-strong-growth/ www.bloomberg.com, 2016, Company Overview of Facebook Inc., viewed on 25th May 2016, https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=20765463 Jureicius, O., 2013, SWOT Analysis of Facebook, viewed on 25th May 2016, https://www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/swot-analyses/facebook-swot-analysis.html Blog.cayenneapps.com, 2015, Facebook- SWOT Analysis, viewed on 25th May 2016, https://blog.cayenneapps.com/2015/08/05/facebook-swot-analysis/ Lampe, C., Vitak, J., Ellison, N., 2013, Users and Non Users : Interactions between Levels of Facebook Adoption and Social Capital, viewed on 25th May 2016, https://www-personal.umich.edu/~enicole/LampeVitakEllison2013CSCW.pdf

What if Germany had won World War 2 an Example by

What if Germany had won World War 2 Introduction Need essay sample on "What if Germany had won World War 2" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed World war II was a widespread war that occurred amongst most of the countries in the world. It was a great war which forced most countries to place their complete scientific, industrial and economic efforts toward war, combining both military and civilian resources. It was the most deadly conflict in the history of humans, with fatalities reported to have exceeded 70 million people. The military personnel involved in this war exceeded 100 million, which further shows the enormity of the war. The war started after Germany invaded Poland and subsequently, British Dominions, France, and the United Kingdom declared war on Germany. After the war, the United States and the Soviet Union emerged as the superpowers, which subsequently led to the cold war. This war led to the emergence of the United Nations, which was tasked with the responsibility of preventing such a war in future. According to Jacobsen and Smith, (96-97), Germany, Italy, and Japan subsequently formed a tripartite pact, which was meant to counter any move by the US to become involved in the war. The pact maintained that the three nations would cooperate and stand by each other over a decade, in order to establish a new order which would safeguard the welfare and prosperity of the citizens of these countries. According to Gudmens and the US Army Command and General Staff College Combat Studies Institute (63-64), the Japanese attacks on the American fleets in Pearl Harbor in 1941, led to the use of the atomic bombs on Japan, in the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The damage caused by the two bombs that were dropped in the two cities was unprecedented, and this led to the surrender of Japan in 1945. This effectively ended the war. Alliance with Japan as Germany's downfall. The alliance of Germany with Japan can be said to be a major contributor to Germany's downfall. According to Dunn (120-121), the initial pact between Germany, Japan, and Italy was meant to safeguard the interests of the citizens of the three countries, but Japan's downfall led to the collapse of the axis. As has been explained above, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor causing significant damage to US ships as well as casualties to US troops. This act, combined with Japan's refusal to surrender unconditionally, in line with the agreement in Potsdam, led to the use of atomic bombs by the US on Japan. The bombs killed an estimated 80,000 people in Nagasaki and another 140,000 in Hiroshima. According to Oakes and Kia (30-31), thousands subsequently died after being exposed to the radia tion, and this led to the surrender of Japan. Japan considered the atomic bombs to be a threat to humanity, and could not bear losses of such magnitude, especially considering that the US was planning to use other such bombs on it. These bombs exposed the superiority of the US, especially considering that Germany did not have such bombs. The surrender of Japan crippled the axis and effectively led to the end of the war, which was a blow to Germany. Germany's concern for cleansing as a contributor to their defeat in the war. During the World War II, Adolf Hitler orchestrated the murder of 6 million Jews, in an effort to 'cleanse' the world. The number of Jews who were killed was a third of the total Jewish global population at the time. The Nazis, under control from Hitler, blamed the Jews for corrupting the German culture through 'mongrel' and 'foreign' influence. The Nazis also portrayed Germans as honest, courageous and hardworking, and the Jews as cowardly and evil. The Germans built many concentration camps where the Jews were incarcerated and spent vast resources persecuting the Jews. In 1941, Germany invaded the Soviet Union and assassinated over 30,000 Jews during the first two days, through several assassination squads. It is clear that Germany spent vast resources equipping its assassination squads and other elite teams which murdered Jews. Other resources were also used for building and maintaining concentration camps. In a period of war, all resources should be used to fight the enemies, as opposed to diverting them for any other uses. Germany diverted some of its resources to 'cleanse' itself from Jews and this played a part in their defeat in the war.Germany's invention of the atomic bomb as a factor that would have made them win the war. The effects of the atomic bombs that were used by the US, were the main contributors to the end of the World War II. This, as has been explained above, is due to the number of fatalities, damage to property and future effects that they caused to humanity. In fact, Japan surrendered after the realization that the entire human race could be wiped out by solely using these bombs. The effects of the bombs caused by the radiation affected future generations. The US was preparing to use other bombs on Japan, and the loss was too great to bear, hence the surrender. If Germany had developed the atomic bomb first, then this would have been an almost certainty of winning the war. Germany needed to enrich the uranium to eighty percent level or above, and it would have developed an atomic bomb. If they had it first, they would definitely have used it against its enemies, under the rule of Hitler. In fact, Hitler would have dropped the bombs in the most densely populated cities, which would have led to the highest number of civilian casualties, without flinching a muscle. This would have made even the most determined nations to surrender, including the US and Soviet Union. Germany's success in invading USSR if its soldiers were better equipped Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941 through an operation which was referred to as Operation Barbarossa. The invasion was supported by the axis and involved over 4.5 million Axis powers' troops. The main purpose of this invasion was to conquer Soviet Union's link which connected Astrakhan and Arkhangelsk. However, Hitler did not achieve the success he had anticipated, and Germans were repulsed from Moscow. They were not able to mount a successful offensive afterward. The major factors that led to the lack of success were harsh climate and terrain, as well as lack of adequate equipment. The Germans launched their attacks during the summer, under the assumption that the war would be over by the time the harsh winters arrived. However, the war dragged on for longer, and the German soldiers did not have adequate clothing to keep their bodies warm. They also had a series of mishaps which limited the troops' access to weaponry. For instance, the V2 rocket failed in its last stage of development thereby decreasing the effectiveness of the Germans' attacks. The harsh winter also froze some weapons, including vehicles. Better equipment and clothing would have made the chances of Hitler's success much higher than they were. Period of time war would have dragged on if D-day was unsuccessful The D-day offensive began in 1944 and posed to end the German offensive. According to Gerrard (84-85), troops from the allied countries invaded France and fought the Germans, in a bid to liberate France. Before the D-day, the allies destroyed the bridges and railways in France and Belgium in a bid to limit the ability of Germans to access reserves. They also deceived the Germans that they would attack the country through Pas de Calais. On D-day, more than 4000 craft and 5000 ships were used in landing on the beaches. According to Zaloga and Johnson (64-65), the Germans initially put up resistance, but they were defeated by the heavily armed Allies. The Allies gained the necessary momentum after succeeding in Normandy, while the Germans were demotivated by the losses. The success in Normandy played a crucial role in the Allies' success in the war in general. If Germany had won this battle, it would have been motivated to fight harder and conquer more territories in Europe. Hitler would have captured many prisoners, aircraft, ships, tanks, arms and other equipment that would have strengthened the German troops. However, in my view, the war would not have dragged on for very long, since Germany had other weaknesses in its strategy. Some of the weaknesses have been discussed in the paper, and others include errors in strategy. Germany was trying to capture too many territories simultaneously, and this was, in fact, crippling its troops, supply, and weaponry. Another factor is that the US would still have developed the atomic bomb, which would have forced Germany to surrender irrespective of the win at Normandy. In my view, the war would not have gone on for more than five years, irrespective of whichever side won the Normandy battle. Conclusion It can be concluded that in addition to lack of equipment, poor clothing and the impact of the US atomic bomb, Germany still faced other challenges that would have made it difficult to win World War II. The conquering of too many territories simultaneously, as has been discussed, weakened the Germans. Focus on other non-war issues such as 'cleansing' the Germans also shifted resources to other less important goals. However, the alliance with Japan can be said to be one of the greatest mistakes Hitler made, and which cost Germany victory during World War II. Works Cited Dunn, Dennis. Caught Between Roosevelt & Stalin: America's Ambassadors to Moscow. Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky, 1998, p 120-121. Gerrard, Howard. D-Day 1944. New York: Osprey Publishing, 2002, p 84-85. Gudmens, Jeffrey & US Army Command and General Staff College Combat Studies Institute. Staff Ride Team. Staff Ride Handbook for the Attack on Pearl Harbor, 7 _ December 1941: A Study of Defending America. New York: DIANE Publishing, 2005, p 63. Jacobsen, Hans-Adolf & Smith, Arthur. World War II, Policy, and Strategy: Selected _ Documents with Commentary. Washington: Clio Books, 1979, p 96-97. Oakes, Elizabeth & Kia, Mehrdad. Social Science Resources in the Electronic Age. New York: Greenwood Press, 2004, p30-31. Zaloga, Steven & Johnson, Hugh. D-Day Fortifications in Normandy. New York: Osprey Publishing, 2005, p 64-65.

Examples of How to Write a Good Descriptive Paragraph

Examples of How to Write a Good Descriptive Paragraph A good descriptive paragraph is like a window into another world. Through the use of careful examples or details, an author can conjure a scene that vividly describes a person, place, or thing. The best descriptive writing appeals to multiple senses at once―smell, sight, taste, touch, and hearing―and is found in both fiction and nonfiction. In their own way, each of the following writers (three of them students, two of them professional authors) have selected a belonging or a place that holds special meaning to them. After identifying that subject in a clear topic sentence, they proceed to describe it in detail while explaining its personal significance. A Friendly Clown On one corner of my dresser sits a smiling toy clown on a tiny unicycle―a gift I received last Christmas from a close friend. The clowns short yellow hair, made of yarn, covers its ears but is parted above the eyes. The blue eyes are outlined in black with thin, dark lashes flowing from the brows. It has cherry-red cheeks, nose, and lips, and its broad grin disappears into the wide, white ruffle around its neck. The clown wears a fluffy, two-tone nylon costume. The left side of the outfit is light blue, and the right side is red. The two colors merge in a dark line that runs down the center of the small outfit. Surrounding its ankles and disguising its long black shoes are big pink bows. The white spokes on the wheels of the unicycle gather in the center and expand to the black tire so that the wheel somewhat resembles the inner half of a grapefruit. The clown and unicycle together stand about a foot high. As a cherished gift from my good friend Tran, this colorful figure gree ts me with a smile every time I enter my room. Observe how the writer moves clearly from a description of the head of the clown to the body to the unicycle underneath. There arent just sensory details for the eyes but also touch, in the description that the hair is made of yarn and the suit of nylon. Certain colors are specific, as in cherry-red cheeks and light blue, and descriptions help to visualize the object: the parted hair, the color line on the suit, and the grapefruit analogy. Dimensions overall help to provide the reader with the items scale, and the descriptions of the size of the ruffle and bows on the shoes in comparison to whats nearby provide telling detail. The concluding sentence helps to tie the paragraph together by emphasizing the personal value of this gift. The Blond Guitar by Jeremy Burden My most valuable possession is an old, slightly warped blond guitar―the first instrument I taught myself how to play. Its nothing fancy, just a Madeira folk guitar, all scuffed and scratched and fingerprinted. At the top is a bramble of copper-wound strings, each one hooked through the eye of a silver tuning key. The strings are stretched down a long, slim neck, its frets tarnished, the wood worn by years of fingers pressing chords and picking notes. The body of the Madeira is shaped like an enormous yellow pear, one that was slightly damaged in shipping. The blond wood has been chipped and gouged to gray, particularly where the pick guard fell off years ago. No, its not a beautiful instrument, but it still lets me make music, and for that I will always treasure it. Here, the writer uses a topic sentence to open his paragraph, then uses the following sentences to add specific details. The author creates an image for the minds eye to travel across by describing the parts of the guitar in a logical fashion, from the strings on the head to the worn wood on the body. He emphasizes its condition by the number of different descriptions of the wear on the guitar, such as noting its slight warp; distinguishing between scuffs and scratches; describing the effect that fingers have had on the instrument by wearing down its neck, tarnishing frets, and leaving prints on the body; listing both its chips and gouges and even noting their effects on the color of the instrument. The author even describes the remnants of missing pieces. After all that, he plainly states his affection for it. Gregory by Barbara Carter Gregory is my beautiful gray Persian cat. He walks with pride and grace, performing a dance of disdain as he slowly lifts and lowers each paw with the delicacy of a ballet dancer. His pride, however, does not extend to his appearance, for he spends most of his time indoors watching television and growing fat. He enjoys TV commercials, especially those for Meow Mix and 9 Lives. His familiarity with cat food commercials has led him to reject generic brands of cat food in favor of only the most expensive brands. Gregory is as finicky about visitors as he is about what he eats, befriending some and repelling others. He may snuggle up against your ankle, begging to be petted, or he may imitate a skunk and stain your favorite trousers. Gregory does not do this to establish his territory, as many cat experts think, but to humiliate me because he is jealous of my friends. After my guests have fled, I look at the old fleabag snoozing and smiling to himself in front of the television set, and I have to forgive him for his obnoxious, but endearing, habits. The writer here focuses less on the physical appearance of her pet than on the cats habits and actions. Notice how many different descriptors go into just the sentence about how the cat walks: emotions of pride and disdain and the extended metaphor of the dancer, including the phrases the dance of disdain, grace, and ballet dancer. When you want to portray something through the use of a metaphor, make sure you are consistent, that all the descriptors make sense with that one metaphor. Dont use two different metaphors to describe the same thing, because that makes the image youre trying to portray awkward and convoluted. The consistency adds emphasis and depth to the description. Personification is an effective literary device for giving lifelike detail to an inanimate object or an animal, and Carter uses it to great effect. Look at how much time she spends on the discussions of what the cat takes pride in (or doesnt) and how it comes across in his attitude, with being finicky and jealous, acting to humiliate by spraying, and just overall behaving obnoxiously. Still, she conveys her clear affection for the cat, something to which many readers can relate. The Magic Metal Tube by Maxine Hong Kingston Once in a long while, four times so far for me, my mother brings out the metal tube that holds her medical diploma. On the tube are gold circles crossed with seven red lines each―joy ideographs in abstract. There are also little flowers that look like gears for a gold machine. According to the scraps of labels with Chinese and American addresses, stamps, and postmarks, the family airmailed the can from Hong Kong in 1950. It got crushed in the middle, and whoever tried to peel the labels off stopped because the red and gold paint came off too, leaving silver scratches that rust. Somebody tried to pry the end off before discovering that the tube falls apart. When I open it, the smell of China flies out, a thousand-year-old bat flying heavy-headed out of the Chinese caverns where bats are as white as dust, a smell that comes from long ago, far back in the brain. This paragraph opens the third chapter of Maxine Hong Kingstons The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts, a lyrical account of a Chinese-American girl growing up in California. Notice how Kingston integrates informative and descriptive details in this account of the metal tube that holds her mothers diploma from medical school. She uses color, shape, texture (rust, missing paint, pry marks, and scratches), and smell, where she has a particularly strong metaphor that surprises the reader with its distinctness. The last sentence in the paragraph (not reproduced here) is more about the smell; closing the paragraph with this aspect adds emphasis to it. The order of the description is also logical, as the first response to the closed object is how it looks rather than how it smells when opened. Inside District School #7, Niagara County, New York by Joyce Carol Oates Inside, the school smelled smartly of varnish and wood smoke from the potbellied stove. On gloomy days, not unknown in upstate New York in this region south of Lake Ontario and east of Lake Erie, the windows emitted a vague, gauzy light, not much reinforced by ceiling lights. We squinted at the blackboard, that seemed far away since it was on a small platform, where Mrs. Dietzs desk was also positioned, at the front, left of the room. We sat in rows of seats, smallest at the front, largest at the rear, attached at their bases by metal runners, like a toboggan; the wood of these desks seemed beautiful to me, smooth and of the red-burnished hue of horse chestnuts. The floor was bare wooden planks. An American flag hung limply at the far left of the blackboard and above the blackboard, running across the front of the room, designed to draw our eyes to it avidly, worshipfully, were paper squares showing that beautifully shaped script known as Parker Penmanship. In this paragraph (originally published in Washington Post Book World and reprinted in ​Faith of a Writer: Life, Craft, Art,) Joyce Carol Oates affectionately describes the one-room schoolhouse she attended from first through fifth grades. Notice how she appeals to our sense of smell before moving on to describe the layout and contents of the room. When you walk into a place, its overall smell hits you immediately, if its pungent, even before youve taken in the whole area with your eyes. Thus this choice of chronology for this descriptive paragraph is also a logical order of narration, even though it differs from the Hong Kingston paragraph. It allows the reader to imagine the room just as if he or she was walking into it. The positioning of items in relation to other items is on full display in this paragraph, to give people a clear vision of the layout of the place as a whole. For the objects inside, she uses many descriptors of what materials they are made from. Note the imagery portrayed by the use of the phrases gauzy light, toboggan, and horse chestnuts. You can imagine the emphasis placed on penmanship study by the description of their quantity, the deliberate location of the paper squares, and the desired effect upon the students brought about by this location. Source Oates, Joyce Carol. The Faith of a Writer: Life, Craft, Art. Kindle Edition, Reprint edition, HarperCollins e-books, March 17, 2009.

Sales Promotion Techniques used by JETBLUE Research Paper

Sales Promotion Techniques used by JETBLUE - Research Paper Example JetBlue not only offers the service of air travel at cheap rates but it also tries to set itself apart from its competitors by offering a product that is superior than the rest at prices people can afford. With the objective of providing superior in-flight experience the airline was the first to offer all the passengers with a personalized service. Each seat had its own flat-screen monitor installed at the back and it allowed passengers to tune into many of DirecTV channels at the same cost. Due to its focus on providing the best service to passengers, the airline became synonymous to customer service. The airline was given a four-star rating by SKYTRAX (The World’s 4-Star Airlines| official SKYTRAX Airline Ranking). In 2007 a violent snowstorm led to a collapse of JetBlue’s and passengers were made to wait for many hours to wait for clearance to take-off. Many of the flights were even cancelled. This hurt JetBlue’s status badly, however, the airline was able to deal with the crisis effectively and rebuild its image among its customers. JetBlue’s success should be credited to its belief of â€Å"flying people† rather than â€Å"flying airplanes†. Low Air-fare & Superior Customer Service: The aviation industry is very competitive and most of the airlines have a lot of trouble in creating brand loyalty among the customers. Passengers usually search for available flights usually on sites such as orbitz.com, travelocity.com and expedia.com. The passengers, most of the times, end up buying a ticket on the flight that provides them with the cheapest fare (Lambrano). Hence airline companies have to come up with travel deals with cheaper rates than their competitors. They also need to reduce their costs and at the same time provide great customer service to passengers in order to attract more and more customers. JetBlue was able to do just that. When David Neeleman founded JetBlue, the idea was to provide passengers with a low-cost airline without compromising on the in-flight experience. When customers travel with JetBlue not only will they be able to reduce their fare costs by as much as 65% but they would also enjoy a great travel experience as JetBlue offers wider seat s, more legroom, and more overhead storage space than any other airline in its class and, with 24 channels of live in-flight television, passengers would not have to miss on any of their shows while travelling (JetBlue Airways, The First 'Mega Start-Up' Unveils Launch Plans 1999). Through these measures JetBlue was able to increase the demand for their service as more and more passengers were attracted to flying with JetBlue. Not only were the low fares an incentive to travel for the customers, but the great in-flight experience provided by the airline offered an added incentive for customers to travel with JetBlue. Hence by lowering its cost the airline was able to offer lower rates for its flight fares as compared to its competitors. Coupled with that, it was embedded in the DNA of the airline to provide a high quality in-flight experience to their passengers better than the rest. As a result JetBlue was able to create some brand loyalty among its customers who kept utilizing JetB lue’s service while travelling because of the very personalized in-flight experience that they received. Eventually these customers would also recommend JetBlue to their friends or colleagues. Hence the role of word of mouth was a big help to increase the airline’s sales. When first-time travellers of JetBlue were asked from where they had heard about the airline more than 70% answered that they had heard about it from a friend (Carton 2001). Customer service plays an important role in improving JetBlue sales. It

Answer case questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Answer case questions - Assignment Example Company data shows that marketing expense increased from $108.9 million in 2009 to $246.5 in 2013. The increase in marketing expenditure is the result of the adoption of a robust marketing and promotion strategies. The company used a variety of promotion strategies. First, the company sought to promote is product visibility in the sports sector by signing outfitting contracts with schools and colleges. By so doing, people can see the products of the company. Second, the company increased its retail shops and also the product presentation at the shops to attract shoppers. Third, the company made extensive use of the media to advertise its products. The company uses three main distribution strategies. The company sells in wholesales terms to retailers who then resell the product to the final consumers. Under Armour also engages in direct sales to its consumers. In fact, direct sales accounted for 30.4% of the sales in 2013 (Thompson 244). Finally, the company sells licenses to enable distributors sell its products in areas where it has no presence. Product Licensing gives distributors exclusive rights to sell Under Armour products. Thus, they act on behalf of the company. The strategy has enabled Under Armour to have a presence in areas where it does not have operations. High-quality products are responsible for the growth of the company. The company has a product development team that works with third party suppliers to ensure that materials are of high quality. The team also ensures that the manufacturing process adds the required features such as comfort and design (Thompson 246). The marketing team also collects opinions and reviews from customers and potential customers to identify the customer’s perspective towards the product, and how the products can be improved to fit the needs of the target customers. To ensure quality of their products, Under Armour used raw materials from approved suppliers

Impact of Weather on Dengue Disease

Impact of Weather on Dengue Disease Dengue is the most tropical infectious disease that is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The dengue disease incidence rises as a serious public health problem with 2.1 billion people at risk. In Malaysia, the dengue disease over the last 40 years has become worst epidemic in the countrys history. This study aimed to analyses relationship between weather parameters and increase of dengue incidence among university Putra Malaysia students, to identify the direct or indirect effect of weather on dengue incidence and to determine the relationship of dengue disease located in UPM (SERDANG). The objective of this study was to assess the effect of meteorological parameters variation on the dengue virus transmission between UPM students. We obtained data on monthly weather parameters including relative humidity and median mean temperature and rainfall amount and monthly dengue cases. Analysis was conducting by employing correlation and regression, plotting. A total of 7 years of den gue occurrences since 2005 to 2011 were plotted, 2005 and 2010 were the highest years with dengue cases rates while, 2006 and 2007 were the lowest dengue incident rates. Analysis of monthly mean temperature data for UPM indicated that the months which having very warm days has higher dengue rates while, the precipitation months has more direct effect on these rates. On the other hand, humidity is the most factors have highest impact on dengue incidence between UPM students. Keywords:  Weather impact, dengue incidence, UPM students. INTRODUCTION Dengue fever (DF) and Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) possess recurred as 1980s and rapidly come to be a main epidemiological menace worldwide; especially in South East Asia and Western Pacific Region. Dengue fever is rampant in more than 120 countries alongside approximated 2.4 billion populations at the chance and annual dengue infection of 52 million cases according to World Health Organization, (WHO, 2005). Of this, Asia Pacific Area shares the biggest burden of dengue alongside approximated above 75% of the 2.5 billion populaces at chance living in the region. As yet, the particular causes for the re-emergence of dengue are not completely comprehended. Though, the U.S. centers for Disease Control and Prevention has recognized factors such as weather factors and accelerated urbanization, poor areas, increased global excursion, and lack of competent vector manipulation arrangement as a few of the main determinants that possess gave globe rise of DE/DHF as a main area condition burd en (U.S. C.D.C.P,2007). In Malaysia Dengue considered as endemic disease with four serotypes of dengue viruses. Dengue is the most threaten disease to public health in Malaysia. Around the world 50 million cases are reported each year about the dengue disease infection (WHO, 1999). Dengue is endemic in Malaysia the first case was recognized in Penang 1902, while the first dengue hemorrhagic fever outbreak was reported in 1962, likewise in Penang (Ska, 2006). . In the year 2005 MALAYSIA experienced the worst past outbreak of dengue incidence alongside 326.5 cases each 100,000 populations. The overall dengue cases in Malaysia augmented from (39,597 person) and (84 person deaths) in 2009 to (45,037 person) and (133 person deaths) in 2010 (HM, 2010). It is notifiable that Selangor state has the highest (dengue cases) followed by (Johor and Sarawak) for 2010 (MOH, 2010). The urban and also rural areas of Malaysia are the greatest predominant habitations for the spread of the (yellow fever mosquito) species which is Aedes aegypti (Mohd et al., 2006). The mosquitoes of yellow fever can be found in the area of stagnant water and also in severe drainage (Mohd et al., 2006). The patients of dengue will suffer symptoms include vomiting, rashes on the skin, headache, nausea and muscle pain (NCID, 2005). Recent Studies have shown that temperature could have an impact on feeding characteristics, population size, maturation period and survival rate of Aedes mosquitoes and pupae, and larvae mature female mosquitoes mortality rate as a function of temperature Between 11  °C and 42 °C. (Hii, Y et al .2009). Many Studies shown that the high temperature have an impact on the population magnitude and maturation period, the survival rate of Aedes mosquitoes and the Feed characteristics. Aedes mosquitoes on temperature which ranging from 16 °C to 31 °C, experience lower mortality rates , a study in French Guiana illustrated that at favourable environment condition Aedes mosquitoes capable to live 76 days . On the other hand, heavy rain decrease survival rate of female mosquitoes and destroys larvae in short time but in long term, it creates plentiful breeding resources. Simultaneously, Aedes mosquitoes at a higher temperature 32 °C rises feeding frequency more than twofold compared to the temperature at 24 °C. Extremely Low rainfall rates will increase surroundings temperature, usage of water storage and water and air-coolers may serve as breeding habitats. Finding the relationship between weather factors mainly (temperature, rainfall, humidity) It can be useful for prioritizing prevention in public health sector decision making.. A threat prediction of dengue outbreak can be produced so local health officials can expect the number of cases and make proper strategy to control it. Example The dengue disease epidemic has become more serious problem in serdang with increasing about 14 percents for 2011 (Mstar, 2011). Selangor state recorded highest cases of dengue incidence compared to other states (MOH, 2010). For Seri Kembangan area, the dengue disease epidemic noted the 75 cases on 2009 while for year 2010, a total of 158 cases were reported (Mstar, 2011). The major source of Aedes mosquito breeding is in factories, abandoned housing projects, from the construction sites and vacant plots land (Thammapalo et al., 2001). The aim of this study an association amid dengue incidence and mean temperature, humidity and rain also more discuss how meteorological conditions impact on the rise of dengue in Universiti Putra Malaysia across the period 2005-2011 and to identify the most high risk years with dengue incidence. The result of this study will be highlighting the connection between dengue cases and weather parameters within Seri kambangan 2005 2011. Health sector planners and policy makers benefit from this kind of studies as it generates useful information which further can be used for the creation of schematic approaches for disease prevention, interceptive studies and control programmes. This study is important as it can help in delaying or reducing the incidence of disease and its related socioeconomic implications at the individual and the community level as a whole. Results achieved were used to recognize the patterns of dengue cases and the degree of dependence of dengue incidences on the weather parameters. In this study, we tried to provide additional details on relationship between dengue rates with weather parameters. Attention was focused on four years with lowest dengue incidence (2006 and 2007) also the highest two years with dengue cases (2005 and 2010) were inspected, and statistical analysis has been done to find evidence on the degree of correlation between the dengue and climate factors (precipitation, relative humidity ,temperature). METHODOLOGY 2.1 Study area Universiti Putra Malaysia is a public school which is approximately 22 km south of capital city Kuala Lumpur by road which located at latitude of 2 °59 ´57Ë  N and longitude of 101 °42 ´28Ë  E. The main campus of UPM is located at Serdang, Selangor state which cover an area of 1,200 hectares of spectacular natural landscape and the topography is between 49m to 52m above sea level (figure 1). Universiti Putra Malaysia has a population of 29,724 in first semester of 2011/ 2012 session. The staff population is 6,100 that include academic, non-academic and sporting staff while that of student is 23,624 which include post graduate and undergraduate students. Out of the total population of students, only 14,108 are residing on campus while others stay off campus. The Malaysian peninsula has a typical equatorial climate characterized by constantly high annual temperature and heavy rainfall. Temperature range is practically the same all over Malaysian peninsula throughout the year and is only governed by the height of the land above sea level; there are important differences in the amount and seasonal distribution of the rainfall in different part of the country. An average mean rainfall is about 2489mm which distributed throughout the year, with the bulk of the rain concentrated in the month of October and November, and its rains comparatively less in May to September (dry season) than October to April (wet season).Monthly average temperature are high on the month of April and May while December and January are the months with the low average temperature. Mean daily dry season (May to August) temperature range from 31 °C to 34 °C and the mean daily wet season (November to February) temperature range from 29 °C to 32 °C. 2.2 Data Source The Weather parameters data of UPM (2005- 2011) was obtained from Malaysian meteorological department (MMD). Temperature had estimated This data was distributed into monthly data per year. This parameters which include (rainfall, humidity, mean maximum temperature) has been used to understand degree of dengue fever dependence on weather parameters (Morrison et al., 1998). Dengue epidemiological data monthly basis and annually was obtained from UPM PUSAT KESIHATAN from (2005 to 2011). dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue fever (DF) were recognized as clinical dengue cases with confirmed laboratory blood tests of dengue viral infection of any serotypes Under the Infectious Diseases Act in Malaysia, it is needed for all medical practitioner must inform all confirmed or recognized dengue cases within 24 hours to the Ministry of health. (Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Act 1988). The only data which obtained from UPM PUSAT KESIHATAN were number of monthly and annual cases. 2.3 statistical analyses All the dengue cases were plotted in the graph by using Minitab 16 version. Calculating and investigating the variability of rainfall, humidity and temperature indices, creating scatter plots and charts of Dengue fever cases against meteorological conditions variables, correlation analysis.( Amarakoon et al.,2004). Here we analysed the association of rainfall and temperature, Humidity alongside dengue transmission in every single year in University Putra Malaysia. We only exclude 3 years owing to the very small dengue cases. The cases of dengue disease were examined includes geographic distribution and spatial gender distribution (Srivastava et al., 2009). The purpose of geographic distribution is to determine the distribution of dengue cases among Kuantan district. Apart from that, the gender distribution was categorized into two groups which were male and female. The statistical significant between both gender were analyzed by using t-test. 2.3.1 Spatial distribution The spatial distribution of dengue incidence within concession of Kuantan was observed. The spatial autocorrelation method measures the relationship among values of variable according to the spatial arrangement of the values (Chang, 2010). The Morans I method was selected to test whether the dengue cases within Kuantan district is spatially correlated or not (Er et al., 2010). The area units where numerical ratio or interval data were available were the area where the Morans I normally applied (Nakhapakorn Jirakajohnkool, 2006). It considers both point locations and variation of an attribute at the location and finally it can evaluate whether the pattern of dengue cases within Kuantan district were clustered, dispersed or random. The Morans I measure can be compute by (Er et al., 2010): Where N is the number of cases, is the mean variables, is the variable value at particular location I, Xj is the variable value at another location j, and Wij is a weight indexing location of I relative to j. in Morans I range, a strong negative spatial autocorrelation is in the range of -1 and a strong positive autocorrelation is in the range +1. The value 0 means it is spatially random pattern. 2.3.2 Distance Analysis The Average Nearest Neighbour (ANN) is one of the techniques for point distance analysis. It was used to analyzed the distance between each point, to determine whether the point pattern is clustered, random or regular (Clark Evans, 1994). In this study, the ANN was tested to predict whether the dengue incidence is cluster or not. The ANN analysis predicts the distance between each feature centroid and its nearest neighbour centroid. If the average distance is less than 1, the point pattern was considered clustered whereas if the average distance is greater than 1, the point was considered dispersed. The average nearest method is computed by: (1) Where is the observed average distance between each feature and their nearest neighbour. is the expected average distance for features given a random pattern. The average neighbour analysis also can produce the ZANN score, which indicates the likehood that the pattern could be a result of random chance. The ZANN score is computed by: (2) Where: (3) 2.3.3 Buffer analysis Buffering is a system operation that generates zones that consist of area within the specific distance with selected features (Chang, 2010). In this study, buffering was conducted to determine the extended neighbouring buffering method is used. The 500 meter radius of buffer were carried out from the dengue disease cases point as the mosquitoes flies at the maximum distance of 600 meter from the breeding site (Madanayake et al.,2010). A study conducted by de Freitas and de Olivera (2009) found that 50%-90% of female A. Aegypti flew up to 350 meter and 500.2 meter and their maximum displacement was 690 meter. 2.3.4 Hot Spot Prediction The Kernel density estimation interpolation was used to predict the hot spot locality (Jeefoo et al., 2011). Kernel density estimation is one of the method that applied to identify high risk areas within point patterns of disease incidence and also can defines the level of the high risk of that area (Bithell, 1990). Kernel density estimation is an interpolation that compatible for single point locality. The Kernel density estimation is the better hot spot identifier than cluster analysis. It can measures the density of point feature in each of the output raster cell .This method has been applied in previous study on spatial mapping on dengue disease to locate hot spot for dengue cases in the district of Hulu Langat (Er et al., 2010). Jeefoo et al, (2011) has used the kernel density to locate the spatio-temporal diffusion of dengue pattern and prove that the hot spot area have an influence on the spread of an infectious disease. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1. annual Dengue incidence years (2005-2011). During the study time, dengue cases (Fig. 1) increased from 37 cases were reported in year 2006 to 75 cases reported in 2009, after which, annual reported dengue cases have amplified alongside greater temperature and humidity alongside record of 52 cases in year 2008 and peaked in year 2005 alongside 159 cases. The incidence next cut to 40 cases in 2007 and resurged in 2011 alongside 48 cases. In the study period the highest dengue cases were described in August of year 2010 with 44 cases. The extremely months with high dengue occurrence were between July December. Results obtained in this discover are given in tables 1 to 4, and figures 1 to 12. Tables contain results for correlation of dengue occurrences alongside meteorological conditions parameters. While, figures show relationship between weather factors and dengue cases. reveals period sequence of weekly meteorological conditions predictors and dengue cases. Singapore experienced the highest weekly mean temperature of 30.48C in year 2005 followed by 30.38C in year 2002. The highest weekly mean temperature in the discover era was recorded in week 17 of year 2005 alongside zero weekly cumulative precipitation. As the most extended dry spell of 40 dates transpired in the early two months of 2005, highest weekly cumulative precipitation was recorded as 388 mm in week 51 of year 2006. Overall, weekly mean temperature for year 2000-2003 fluctuated from 25.7 to 30.38C; as the scope was 25.530.48C for 20042007. Concurrently, weekly cumulative rain in years 20002003 fluctuated from 0 to 260 mm alongside average 42 mm and the scope was 0388 mm alongside average 44.5 mm for years 20042007. Our results of this study indicates that precipitation and temperature were positively associated with monthly dengue cases informed in University Putra Malaysia (Table 1) which mean they seems to have played an important role in increase of dengue cases . Although, humidity hazy days and foggy days were have suspicious association with dengue cases occurrence but still not powerful as other parameters. 3.2 Correlation and Regression coefficients. Both Humidity and Temperature display positive role in cases number and the humidity shows suspicious response with high significant effect (P-value Correlation results are very significant in relation to mean maximum temperature (P-value = 0.860) and dengue occurrences. It is clear that rainfall associated with dengue cases (R ² = 85.5) which mean 85.5 % rainfall associate with dengue cases. In particular mean median humidity seems to have moderate positive role in dengue transmission compared to the other variables with (P-value = 0.779) and (R ² = 60.7) Figure 1, simplify rainfall amount for year 2006, shows that the precipitation playing very strong contributor factor for increase and decrease of dengue cases, while box plot confirms table 1 results (p-value) which is represents the percentage of total rainfall vs. dengue occurrence. Even though rainfall scale has increased over the last seven decades precipitation does show statistically significant (r square = 92.0 and p- value = 0.970). As shown in Fig. 2, dengue rate has increased linearly with monthly mean temperature at January and December with 7 and 6 cases as temperature increasing; plot confirms that temperature is participating factor of transmission of dengue virus owing to the positive relationship between temperature and dengue cases . Simplify relationship between humidity and dengue cases. As Fig3 illustrated humidity play doubtful contributor of increasing dengue diseases occurrence. From 70.1 % to 71.1% only one case has been recorded, while percentage of fogy months increased cases of dengue rises instantly. At 74.1 per cent 4 cases were informed and 7 dengue cases when humidity reached 76.3%. CONCLUSION The weather factors that affected the rising of dengue disease incidence have been identified, which were the temperature and humidity and rainfall. The study showed that the most weather conditions factors which contributed to the high incidence of dengue cases within UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA area among seven years 2005-2011 were rainfall and temperature which were have very strong correlation with dengue cases. The result of the graphs plot shows that the three studied weather elements where positively associated with increase of dengue cases among students of UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA area and The data presented in this study are important because it give baseline information on the main factors contributed of transmitting dengue virus for a particular zone. It is recommended that collecting forecasting data for the three specific factors to predict potential future cases to make efficient plan to control dengue transmission in case of epidemic and expect the number of dengue occurrence. When these strategies are implemented, the diverse costs associated with dengue cases will decrease. All of these results should be considered in the future patterns prediction of dengue transmission. Early warnings of dengue epidemics based on climate information are effectively communicated to public health decision makers and Climate accounts for some variation in dengue risk, Important to account for confounding factors. For future work incorporate better understanding of disease transmission process. The lack of information about specific factors which playing main role of high dengue disease incidence will lead to improper Vector surveillance and control management in case of dengue outbreak in specific zone and may loss many of lives. Understand connection between weather and dengue transmission will develop capability of national dengue management and diagnostic and impacts assessment of dengue mosquito vectors. The spatial distribution of dengue incidence within Kuantan district for 2011 has been mapped included geographic distribution and gender distribution. The geographic distribution has shown the highest distribution of dengue cases in Kuantan. The gender distribution has revealed that male population has the higher incidence of dengue cases. The buffer analysis was conducted to see the most high risk area for dengue fever incidence. It was identified that the high risk area were 500 meter radius from the dengue cases incidence. By using the statistical analysis, the pattern of spatial distribution of dengue incidence can be determined by spatial autocorrelation and was supported by distance analysis. The hot spot locations for dengue incidence were located by using kernel density estimation. As a conclusion, the Geographic Information System (GIS) provided a very useful tool in the health mapping. Furthermore, the GIS has played an important tool for effective surveillance and prediction of the dengue outbreak in order to reduce the number of dengue cases. Acknowledgement The author thanks to University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Kuantan District Health Office Pahang, Department of Town and Country Planning ,Kuantan who provided the data and advices. Anker, M. Arima, Y. 2011. Male-female differences in the number of reported incident dengue fever cases in six Asian countries. Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal. 2:2. doi:10.5365/wpsar.2011.2.1.002. Barrera, R., Delgado, N. Rogi, M.G., (2000). Stratification of a city with hyperendemic dengue hemmorrhagic fever. Retrieved on 6th November, 2010 from http://www.popline.org/docs/1354/153852.html Bithell, J.K. 1990. An Application of density estimation to geographical epidemiology. Statistics in Medicine.,9,691-701 Chang, K.T. 2010. Introduction of Geographical Information System. New York: McGraw Hill. Clark, P.J., Evans, F.C. 1994. Distance to nearest neighbour as a measure of spatial relationships in populations. Ecology. 35:445-453 Curriero, F.C., Patz, J.A., Rose, J.B Subhash, L. 2001. The association between extreme precipitation and waterborne disease outbreaks in United States. American Journal of Public Health. 91(8): 1194-9 Eong, O.E. 2001. Changing pattern of dengue transmission in Singapore. Dengue Bulletin,2001, 25:40-44 Er, A.C., Rosli, M.H., Asmahani, A., Mohamad Naim, M.R. Harsuzilawati, M. 2010. Spatial mapping of dengue incidence: a case study in Hulu Langat District, Selangor. International Journal of Human and Social Sciences. 5(6):410-414 Halstead, S.B. 1995. Dengue in the health transition. The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Science. 10:2-14 Harian Metro,2010. Kes Denggi meningkat,133 kematian tahun ini. http://www.harian-metro-online.com./kes-denggi-terus-meningkat-tahun-ini (retrieved on 23 October 2011) Jeefoo, P., Tripathi, N.K., Souris, M. 2011. Spatio-Temporal Diffusion Pattern and Hotspot Detection of Dengue in Chachoengsao Province, Thailand. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 8:51-74; doi:10.3390/ijerph8010051 Madanayake, M.P, Gunatilake, J., Haji, A., Iqbal, M.C.M. 2010. A GIS approach to generatea dengue risk map. Msc. Thesis. University of Peradeniya, SriLanka. Martinez, R. 2006. Geographic information system for dengue prevention and control. Working paper for the Scientific Working Group on Dengue Research, convened by the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, Geneva, 1-5 October 2006 Mohd, D.M.A., Shaaban, M.G., Taib, N. Leman, N. 2006. The study of dengue disease by GIS software in urban area of Petaling Jaya Selatan. International Conference in GIS and public Health. Hong Kong, June 27-29. Pp16. Morrison, A.C., Getis, A., Santiago, M., Rigau-Perez, J.G. Reiter, P. 1998. Exploratory space-time analysis of reported dengue cases during an outbreak in florida, puerto rico, 1991-1992. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 58(3): 287-298. Mstar,2012 More dengue campaigns in schools and residential areas , SERI KEMBANGAN http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2012/3/5/nation/10854555sec=nation (retrieved on 5 March 2012) Nakhapakorn, K., Jirakajohnkool, S. (2006). Temporal and spatial autocorrelation statistics of dengue fever. Dengue Bull 30: 177-183. Nakhapakorn, K. Tripathi, N.K. 2005. Using GIS technology to identify risk area of dengue fever (DF) and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). 8th Annual International Conferences, Indonesia, August 22-26 National Centre for Infectious Diseases, 2000. Travellers Health. Virginia. Otero, M., Solari, H.G. Schweigmann, N. 2005. A stochastic population dynamics model for Aedes aegypti: formulation and application to a city with temperate climate. Bulletin of Mathematics Biology. Pejabat Tanah Jajahan Kuantan,2011. http://ptjk.pahang.gov.my/keluasan.php (accessed 18th March 2012) Skae, F.M 1992. Dengue fever in Penang. British Medical Journal. 2:1581-1582. Shekhar, KC. Huat, O.L. 1993. Epidemiology of dengue/dengue hamorrhagic fever in Malaysia-A retrospective epidemiology study 1973-1987. Part I: Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Asia-pasific Journal of Public Health,6:15-25 Srivastava, A., Nagpal, B.N., Joshi, P.L., Paliwal, J.C., Dash, A.P. 2009. Identification of malaria hot spots for focused intervention in tribal state of India: a GIS based approach. International Journal of Health Geographics, 8:30 doi:10.1186/1476-072X-8-30 Thammapalo,S., Chongsuwiwatwong, V., McNeil,D. Grater, A. 2005. The climate factors influencing the occurrence of dengue haemarrhagic fever in Thailand, Southeast Asia. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health. 36 (1):191-7 Tran, A. Deparis, X. et al., 2004. Dengue spatial and temporal patterns, French Guiana, 2001. Available from:http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol10no4/03-0186.htm retrieved 6th November, 2010. Wagatsuma Y., Ali, M., Emch, M. Breiman, R.F. 2003. Use of a geographic information system for defining spatial risk for dengue transmission in bangladesh: role for aedes albopictus in an urban outbreak. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 69(6): 634-640. World Health Organization, WHO 1997. Dengue haemorrhagic fever: Diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control, 2nd Edition. Geneva World Health Organization, WHO 1999.Strengthening implementation of the global strategy for dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever, prevention and control. Report of the Informal Consultation. Geneva, October 18-20 Yew, Y.W. 2009. Seroepidemiology of dengue virus infection among adults in Singapore. Annals of the Academy of Medicine. 38:667-275 Hii, Y., Rocklà ¶v, J., Ng, N., Tang, C., Pang, F., Sauerborn, R. (2009). Climate variability and increase in incidence and magnitude of dengue incidence in Singapore. Global Health Action, 2. doi:10.3402/gha.v2i0.2036 Notification requirement under section 10(2) Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Act 1988.

Voices By Dacia Maraini - Book Essay -- essays research papers

Repeated images of Angela Bari living an imprisoned life in Voices by Dacia Maraini play an important role in book. The internal and external forces surrounding Angela Bari lead her to a life of confinement and domination. If Angela Bari had broken away from her confinement she may have prevented her untimely death by exposing the ill ways of her stepfather, Glauco Elia. Angela's secretiveness, self-doubt, and compliance with others lead her to victimization. It is not until her unfortunate murder that Angela's imprisonment gets unraveled. Her distorted emotions are revealed as this relatively unknown young woman's death is investigated. Journalists trample inside Ms. Bari's life without any regards to her in an attempt to solve this murder mystery (17). Angela's body was discovered by the porter of her apartment who is 'astonished that there should be so little blood on the floor'; when he discovers that she is lying on the ground dead after being stabbed several times (18). This is the first clue that Angela is cornered in her own little world. She has little blood, which is regarded as the seat of emotions, and her lack of such nourishment suggests that perhaps she was never nurtured. Furthermore, her cause of death, internal hemorrhage, suggests that those feelings imbedded within her were lost rapidly and uncontrollably (19). The obscure grasp Angela has of her emotions is just one facet of her imprisonment. Angela's imprisonment is traced back to its roots in adolescence, when at the young age of eight her father dies leaving an 'empty gap'; in her life 'that couldn't ever be filled'; (189). Shortly thereafter her mother remarries, and her bondage evolves. Her new family life is the main source of her isolation. It is, as though her family remained 'cocooned inside its own cultural and linguistic bunker'; (6). Similar to many, her family was like a 'minefield'; (39). The most explosive is Angela's new father who sexually abuses her (214-215). 'He loved her without respecting her . . . and treated her as if she belonged to him'; (213). He felt as though he were taming her (233). He obviously sees nothing wrong in what he is doing as he claims, 'I'm very content with my household of women'; (190) as though they were objects. In addition, he does not see anything wrong with Marco beating Angela's sister, Ludovica. 'I know he beats her up but I think wi... ...aked, would be overcome by an excruciating desire to touch her, caress her, to penetrate her, even to rape her because in some way she was really asking for this . . . at the same time that brought out the wish to kill her. (237) Angela's life was marked by this torture. Glauco Elia lived so that he could dominate and overpower Angela like so many people did, but in the end no one was able to really control her. Just as she began to truly break away from her prison by exposing the 'horrible things'; that encompassed her she is murdered by her stepfather because he loses all his sense of power. She tells him that he had 'ruined her life, her body was dead, forever, dead'; (241). Similar to Michela who has trouble finding Glauco's house even when she has directions (183-185) Angela is unable to find a path that will lead her past Glauco and his dominance. Even after her death Angela Bari's soul 'isn't at peace'; (55). Her body does not 'remain whole until the Day of Judgement';, (57) but similar to her life she is 'brutally torn apart'; (22) at her death. Even her family does not come to Angela's funeral (7) further illustrating the isolation Angela was bound to during her lifetime.

Wgirl Wboy

CASE STUDY ON WBOY AND WGIRL CALENDARS Case study refers to the collection and presentation of detailed information about a particularparticipant or small group, frequently including the accounts of subjects themselves. A formof qualitative descriptive research, the case study looks intensely at an individual or smallparticipant pool, drawing conclusions only about that participant or group and only in thatspecific context. Researchers do not focus on the discovery of a universal,generalizable truth,nor do they typically look for cause-effect relationships; instead, emphasis is placed onexploration and description. CASE ANALYSIS INVOLVES THE FOLLOWING STRATEGIES: ? Situation Analysis ? External Environment-Opportunities and Threats ? Internal Environment- Strengths and Weakness ? Key Marketing Issues ? Statement of Objectives ? Generation and Evaluation of Alternatives ? Recommendations ? Implementation Plan Situation Analysis: Luke Atkins, from Richard Ivey school of Business at The University of Western Ontario-a personinterested in raising fund for charity purpose, planned to launch Wgirl and Wboy calendars whichwould feature both male and female students of Western Ontario. Atkins previously had experiencein using calendars for fund raising purpose. He used pictures of his rugby team for it. Now he isconcentrating for charities like Breast Cancer Society (women) and Jesse ’ s Journey Foundation (men)for patients with neuromuscular disease. The university also provides free calendars for studentswho can use them throughout their academic career. Other than that there are potential buyers forLondon Fire fighters who also provide free copies which student use them for exam notifications,assignment reminders. Luke Atkins targets local business-primary focus on the students on campus. He has potential threatsfrom the competitors as well as the cost they provide for sale of each calendar, So Atkins mustprovide a calendar of such quality and price that would satisfy the needs of students on campus. Forthis he has to analyse the environment for marketing as well as the cost for production of eachcalendars, promotion through ads and Internet, 12 models for each calendar type, their salary basedon sales, and all other cost for post production works etc. Atkins has two formats in mind forpublishing this calendar. 6 page model and 28 page model both of varying cost, the latter one he isnot sure of producing it. He is short of time to accomplish this project; he has to approach thecharity first and had to frame a marketing strategic plan for generating funds to achieve his goal. External Environment: [pic][pic][pic] [pic][pic][pic]Opportunities: The experience that Luke Atkins has in the field of Calendar Marketing will be of high value forpromoting his new business plan. So he can get his previous customers and also he can generatenew set of potential customers with his experience. The fund raising activity is meant for charity well being, so there will be a huge set of customers whoare light hearted and willing to help the needy. This can bring enormous scope and opportunity forhis new product. By concentrating on students community Atkins can generate customers who were in link with thosestudents too (like relatives and friends) and the marketing circle widens and create moreopportunity. Atkins should find his workforces who were interested to serve the charity and get the maximumamount of work from them. This will be highly useful since there is no need for huge investment foremployer ’ selection. The profits can be shared as commission which will be very low whilecomparing salary or incentives. Advertisement on calendars regarding the charity and other useful information ’ s will attract thecustomers. Threats: Very short amount of time is only remaining to complete this new project plan. So each and everydecision must be accurate and quick to meet the requirements. The manpower that Atkins has is not sufficient. To perceive the complete benefit he should reactquickly and improve the workforce limit to a high number. Atkins faces a serious threat from the Western University free publication of calendars to students,and also from its competitors London Fire fighters and others who were issuing different varieties of calendars in an attractive price. Sexy and attractive models should be utilized only for charity and their pictures should emphasizethat. If it is a little vulgar to what expected then the whole project is in threat. Internal Environment: Strengths: Atkins experience in calendar marketing will be a great strength for him in facing difficult situationduring the process of his new calendar. The reason for fund raising is for charity purpose. So he can market his product more efficiently thanany other since there is a soft corner for everyone to help the needy. Since he is targeting the students, he get expose to huge customer group which will be useful tolaunch his new calendar effectively. [pic] [pic][pic]Selling his product $3 less than his competitor will be a great strength to meet his all requirements. Marketing through Student sales representative and advertising through student union and radiostation and internet will be of great importance and strengths for his products. Since students themselves turn out to be a model, there will be a direct customer relationship development which will influence the students and anticipate them to buy his product. A separate photographer to enhance the quality of te product will be an additional strength. Advertisement on calendars can be helpful to increase profit as well as customers. Weakness: Lack of time to accomplish Atkins project efficiently. Cost of production will vary according to different format which may influence in reduction of profit. Compensation for models will increase the cost of production. Return on investment is still not clear before product promotion. Feasibility of the project and different strategy for marketing are yet to be finalized. The profit generated should be more in order to help the charity as well as to compensate theproduction and wages expenses. The location of marketing is very competitive since there are many competitors who are wellestablished. Work force is not ready yet, and Atkins has to find them quickly. Production cost for promoting the product through student union and internet seem to be costly. Photographer charge and the time he takes for preparing designs turns out to be a serious matter of concern. Confusion in designing two different formats of calendars and their cost is also a major problem. The start up cost is also not very clear. Key Marketing Issues: The selection of models and start up production cost should be finalized for initializing the newbusiness plan. Potential customers should be identified for targeting the market. Cost of eachcalendar and its quantity in production must be beneficiary to the management. Since the cost of single calendar is rated for $12, and 1000 copies of 16 page format calendar rated $2500, the cost of production matters that Atkins should produce each calendar with high quality ( both for black andwhite or colour) in order meet the expectation and goodwill. The promotional events planned forlaunching this new calendar must be effective and there must be no compromise of cost allocatingfor that. Photographer should be hired more in numbers in order to get positive benefits in qualityas well as variety in the model selection for the calendar to be attractive. The manufacturer ’ s [pic]